| Explain the relationship between the economy, natural resources and the environment, and analyze externalities in production and consumption as a source of market failure. (1,2) |
| Compare environmental policy instruments such as Pigouvian taxes, subsidies, tradable permits and command-and-control regulations, and evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency in reducing environmental damage. (3,4,6) |
| Discuss the role of property rights and public goods in environmental problems, and apply the Coase theorem and the concept of the tragedy of the commons to real-world cases. (4,5) |
| Assess the economic and environmental characteristics of non-renewable and renewable energy sources, and evaluate policies for energy, water and waste management, including collection and recycling systems. (7, 10, 11) |
| Interpret environmental indicators and the Environmental Kuznets Curve to analyze the relationship between economic development, environmental quality and sustainability. (8–9, 12–13) |
| Explain the national and international legal and institutional framework for environmental protection, including major international agreements and organizations, and evaluate its effectiveness in addressing global environmental problems. |
| Solve the environmental problems. |