| Explains the basic characteristics and functions of language and its relationship with society. |
| Classifies languages according to their origins and structural features. |
| Explains the historical and geographical diversity of Turkish and the periods it has undergone, using examples. |
| Recognizes the major written sources and alphabets belonging to different historical periods of Turkish. |
| Explains word structure in Turkish and distinguishes between roots, stems, and affixes. |
| Classifies derivational and inflectional suffixes according to their functions. |
| Explains the phonetic features and sound changes of Turkish through examples. |
| Recognizes and classifies parts of speech. |
| Understands verbs and verb moods. |
| Explains the structural and voice characteristics of verbs. |
| Recognizes and uses verbals (non-finite verb forms). |
| Identifies the elements of a sentence and explains their functions. |