| Defines the fundamental concepts of physiology and the mechanisms of homeostasis |
| Explains substance transport across the cell membrane and pathways of cellular communication. |
| Explains impulse transmission in neurons and the physiology of synapses. |
| Compares the contraction mechanisms of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. |
| Explains the physiological functions of blood and the immune response. |
| Interprets the physiological functioning of the heart and vascular system. |
| Explains gas exchange in the respiratory system and the regulation of respiration. |
| Explains the physiology of the digestive system and the processes of nutrient absorption. |
| Explains the role of the kidneys in fluid–electrolyte and acid–base balance. |
| Relates the physiological functions of the endocrine and reproductive systems. |